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Adopted by the Board of Directors on March 11, 2004
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Overview
Your Responsibility Regarding this Code
Amendment and Waiver
Appearances and Impressions
Business Entertainment and Gifts
Company Records
Competition and Fair Dealing
Compliance with Laws, Rules and Regulations
Confidential and Proprietary Information
Intellectual Property
Protection and Proper Use of Company Assets
Conflicts of Interest and Corporate Opportunities
Employee Relations
Financial Integrity and Disclosures
Insider Trading or Stock Tipping
Prohibited Payments
Prohibited Substances
Reporting of Code Violations
Discipline for Noncompliance with this Code
Policies and Procedures of the Company
Introduction
This Code of Business Conduct and Ethics has been prepared
by the Company in response to new laws and regulations that resulted
because of abuses of fundamental principals of honesty and integrity
within certain high profile public companies. The Company has always
strived to create a strong "culture" of honesty, integrity,
loyalty, fairness, forthrightness, and ethical behavior. To that end,
the Company has had a formal written policy for many years that
details and explains its values and ethics and its related
expectations for those associated with the Company. This Code of
Business and Conduct and Ethics incorporates many of the
principals in our existing written policy. It also adds certain new
principals and improves on the discussion of others.
This Code is intended to qualify as a "Code of
Ethics" within the meaning of Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
In the final analysis, our culture is the people²
our directors, employees, consultants and other representatives²
who conduct themselves in a fair and honest and ethical manner. You
have good common sense and you have good values that we believe are
consistent with the Company's values. Because this Code cannot,
and does not cover, every applicable law or provide answers to all
question that might arise, you are encouraged to exercise your good
common sense and your good judgement and values. And, if you encounter
something in our business that alarms you and is inconsistent with
your common sense, judgement and values, let your concerns be known in
a professional but determined manner.
Overview
This Code documents and summarizes the Company's fundamental
principals and values regarding honesty, loyalty, fairness and
forthrightness. This Code promotes the Company's long-standing
policies of (i) honest and ethical conduct, (ii) full, fair,
accurate, timely and transparent disclosure in reports and documents
that the Company files with, or submits to, the Securities and
Exchange Commission and in any other public communications of the
Company, (iii) compliance with applicable laws, rules and
regulations, (iv) avoidance of conflicts of interest, and
(v) prompt internal reporting of Code violations and
accountability for Code compliance. This Code applies to
all employees, officers and directors of the Company and its
subsidiaries and affiliates. The Company also expects others who work
for, or represent, the Company, such as agents and consultants, to be
guided by this Code.
This Code shall be distributed to all employees, officers
and agents of the Company, and shall be disclosed in accordance with
the requirements of the SEC and the NASDAQ.
Your Responsibility Regarding this Code
It is your responsibility to understand this Code
and how it applies to you, to comply with this Code,
to report Code violations of which you become
aware, and to be accountable to the Company for doing
so.
Compliance with this Code is mandatory. If you have
questions or concerns about compliance, you are encouraged to talk to
supervisors, managers or other appropriate Company personnel who you
feel are, or should be knowledgeable about the Code and your
situation.
The Company realizes that honest people who have good values and
integrity make mistakes and judgement errors. Such things as greed and
power and pressure to perform can cause honest people who have high
integrity and good ethics to make mistakes and judgement errors. If
you realize that you have made a significant mistake or error in
judgement regarding matters covered in this Code or the
Company's other policies and procedures, you are encouraged to bring
it to the appropriate person's attention and to "make it
right". In that circumstance, you can expect the Company to go
the extra mile with fair treatment and, where appropriate, support.
Under no circumstance should you cover-up any such mistake or
judgement error.
Amendment and Waiver
The Board of Directors shall review this Code as
circumstances dictate, and when necessary or desirable amend the Code
to ensure that it is current and meets the needs and objectives of the
Company and complies with legal and regulatory requirements.
Any amendment to, or waiver of, a provision of the Code
granted to an executive officer or Director of the Company may be made
only by the Board and shall be promptly disclosed as required by
applicable laws, rules and regulations. Any other amendment or waiver
may be made only by the Chief Executive Officer.
Appearances and Impressions
It is often just as important to avoid the appearance (or
impression) of impropriety or noncompliance as it is to violate the
rules. The Company encourages you to always be alert to the appearance
of the choices you make regarding this Code and the Company's
Policies and Procedures and avoid anything that might give the
impression of impropriety or noncompliance.
Business Entertainment and Gifts
Business entertainment and gifts should only be used to create
goodwill and sound working relationships, not to gain unfair
advantage. No business entertainment or gift should ever be offered,
given or provided unless it (i) is consistent with customary business
practices, (ii) is not excessive in value, (iii) cannot be construed
as a bribe or payoff, and (iv) does not violate any laws, rules
or regulations. Cash gifts should be avoided.
Company Records
The alteration, destruction or falsification of corporate documents
or records may constitute a criminal act. Destruction or alteration of
documents with the intent to obstruct a pending or anticipated
official government proceeding is a criminal act and could result in
large fines and time in prison. Document destruction or falsification
in other contexts may result in a violation of the federal securities
laws or the obstruction of justice laws.
The Company routinely purges and destroys certain documents and
records. Questions about the retention and destruction of Company
documents and records should be referred to your supervisor.
Competition and Fair Dealing
We do not seek to profit at another's expense. We believe that a
good deal is one in which all parties are satisfied. Our history shows
that, if we create viable projects supported by good reasoning, our
Company will have ample opportunity to grow and prosper.
You should endeavor to deal honestly and fairly with all persons or
entities with whom the Company does business. No one should take
unfair advantage through manipulation, concealment, abuse of
privileged information, misrepresentation of material facts or any
other unfair dealing practice. Misappropriating proprietary
information of other companies or inducing disclosures of such
information is prohibited.
Compliance with Laws, Rules and Regulations
The Company's goal and intention is to comply with applicable
governmental laws, rules and regulations of the jurisdictions in which
we do business. The details of these laws, rules and regulations can
be very complex. You are expected to understand the general legal and
regulatory framework applicable to your job function. If you are in
doubt about the legality or propriety of an action, business practice,
or policy, you should seek advice from your supervisor or the employee
or officer responsible for legal matters.
Confidential and Proprietary Information
In general, all operations, activities and business affairs of the
Company and our business associates are to be kept confidential to the
greatest extent possible. Confidential information includes all
non-public information that might be of use to competitors, or that
might be harmful to the Company or its customers if disclosed.
Confidential and proprietary information belongs to the Company, must
be treated with strictest confidence, and is not to be disclosed or
discussed with others.
Confidential and proprietary information generally includes any and
all methods, inventions, improvements or discoveries, whether or not
patentable or copyrightable, and any other information of a similar
nature disclosed or otherwise made known to the Company as a
consequence of, or through, employment or association with the Company
(including information originated by Company personnel). This can
include, but is not limited to, information regarding the Company's
business, products, processes, and services. It also can include
information relating to research, development, inventions, trade
secrets, intellectual property of any type or description, data,
business plans, marketing strategies, engineering, contract
negotiation, contents of the Company's policies and procedures, and
business methods or practices.
Confidential information does not include (i) information that is
in the public domain to the extent such information is readily
available and is not subject to confidentiality agreements,
(ii) information that becomes generally known to the public other
than by disclosure by the Company or its personnel, and (iii)
information received from a party that is under no legal obligation of
confidentiality with the Company with respect to such information.
The Company has exclusive property rights to all confidential and
proprietary information regarding the Company or our business
associates. The unauthorized disclosure of this information could
destroy its value to the Company and give others an unfair advantage.
You are responsible for safeguarding Company information and complying
with established security controls and procedures. All documents,
records, notebooks, notes, memoranda and similar repositories of
information containing information of a secret, proprietary,
confidential or generally undisclosed nature relating to the Company
or our operations and activities made available to you prior to, or
during, the term of your association with the Company, including any
copies thereof, belong to the Company and shall be held by you in
trust solely for the benefit of the Company. Such information should
not be removed from the Company's offices without a supervisor's
approval and shall be delivered to the Company by you on the
termination of your association with the Company or immediately upon
request of the Company.
Intellectual Property
All intellectual property you conceive or develop during the course
of your employment shall be the sole property of the Company. The term
intellectual property includes any invention, discovery, concept,
idea, or writing whether protectable or not by any United States or
foreign copyright, trademark, patent, or common law including, but not
limited to designs, materials, compositions of matter, machines,
manufactures, processes, improvements, data, computer software,
writings, formula, maps, techniques, know-how, methods, as well as
improvements thereof or know-how related thereto concerning any past,
present, or prospective activities of the Company. Intellectual
property developed or conceived, either solely by you or with others,
during the course of your employment must be promptly disclosed to the
Company and you must make reasonable efforts to render any and all aid
and assistance, at the Company's expense, to secure the appropriate
documentation, patent, copyright, or trademark protection for such
intellectual property.
Works of authorship including, but not limited to, literary works
such as maps, books, articles, and computer programs, pictorials,
graphics, audiovisual works, sound recordings, and architectural works
are protected by United States and foreign copyright law as soon as
they are reduced to a tangible medium perceptible by humans with or
without the aid of a machine. A work does not have to bear a copyright
notice in order to be protected and without the copyright owner's
permission, no one may make copies of the work, create derivative
works, distribute the work, perform the work publicly, or display the
work publicly.
Employees may be granted permission to make use of copyrighted
works under certain conditions provided that the limitations of those
agreements are followed.
Protection and Proper Use of Company
Assets
Appropriate steps should be taken within your areas of
responsibility to protect Company assets and ensure their proper and
efficient use. Company assets should be used for the Company business
purposes. Incidental personal use of telephones, fax machines, copy
machines, personal computers, and similar equipment is discouraged but
may be allowed if (i) there is inconsequential additional cost to
the Company, (ii) it does not interfere with your work duties, (iii)
it is not related to an illegal activity, and (iv) the use is not
specifically banned by other company policies. The Board of Directors
may authorize in writing personal use by Company officers of certain
Company assets as a benefit or for other bona fide reasons. The Chief
Executive Officer may authorize personal use of Company assets in
limited circumstances by non-officer employees, agents, or
consultants.
Telephones and computer workstations and software, including
network access to computing systems such as the Internet and e-mail
are provided to improve personal productivity and to efficiently
manage proprietary information in a secure and reliable manner.
Permission must be obtained to install any software on any Company
computer or connect any personal laptop to the Company network. You
should not expect a right to privacy regarding e-mail and Internet
use. All e-mails and Internet use on Company equipment are subject to
monitoring by the Company.
Conflicts of Interest and Corporate Opportunities
A "conflict of interest" exists when a private interest
or personal relationship interferes, or appears to interfere, with the
best interest of the Company. Company policy is that actual, or
apparent, conflicts of interest must be avoided. We should also avoid
anything that might give the appearance (or impression) of any
conflicts of interest.
You owe a duty to the Company to advance its interests when the
opportunity to do so arises. Failure to do so creates a conflict of
interest. Company policy is that you shall not (i) take for
yourself or others opportunities that are discovered through the use
of the Company property, information or position, (ii) use the Company
property, information, or position for improper personal gain, or
(iii) compete with the Company directly or indirectly.
No Code can define all possible areas of conflicts of
interests. However, general guidelines would include (i) avoiding
competing directly or indirectly with the Company in any manner,
(ii) being proprietary with all Company data and information, and
(iii) avoiding doing Company business with family members or
organizations owned by family members or that employs family members,
(iv) directly or indirectly soliciting or seeking personal gain,
including, but not limited to, gifts, loans or professional favors
from persons or entities with which the Company does business or may
do business, and (v) assuring that all purchases, materials, etc. are
based on arms-length transactions and are made at fair market values.
Full-time employees should not engage in any form of outside
employment, including but not limited to self-employment, without the
prior written approval of the Chief Executive Officer. Services as an
officer, director, partner or consultant for outside organizations
should be made known to the Chief Executive Officer and must be
approved in advance by the Company.
Employee Relations
Our people are our most important asset. It is the Company's policy
to (i) provide an environment where employees will adhere to this
Code and conduct themselves with fairness, honesty, integrity
and professionalism in the performance of their duties and all of
their business relationships, treating each other with respect and
professionalism, (ii) provide equal opportunity in recruiting, hiring,
developing, promoting and compensating without regard to age, color,
non-disqualifying disability, gender, national origin, race, marital
status, veteran status, religion or any other basis that is protected
under applicable law, (iii) to foster a professional, safe and
discrimination-free work environment, where mutual respect is
practiced by all employees, and (iv) to hire, evaluate and promote
employees on the basis of their ability, achievements, experience and
performance.
Ethnic, racial, religious, sexual or any other type of unlawful
harassment is prohibited. Company policy prohibits illegal workplace
harassment of any kind, whether the harasser or the victim is a
co-worker, supervisor, agent, customer, guest or supplier. Company
policy also prohibits retaliation against anyone who has made a
harassment complaint.
Financial Integrity and Disclosures
The Company will make and keep books, records and accounts, which
in reasonable detail accurately and fairly present the transactions
and assets and liabilities of our Company in accordance to the laws,
rules and regulations to which the Company is subject. The Company
will also make full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable
disclosure in its reports and documents filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission and in other public communications. Records must
be retained in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations.
You are prohibited from directly or indirectly falsifying or
causing to be false or misleading any financial or accounting books,
records or accounts. You are also expressly prohibited from directly
or indirectly manipulating an audit, and from destroying or tampering
with any record, document or tangible object with the intent to
obstruct a pending or contemplated audit, review or federal
investigation. Commission of, or participation in, prohibited
activities or illegal conduct may subject the perpetrator to federal
penalties, as well as consequences invoked by the Company that may
include termination of employment.
You are prohibited from directly or indirectly, making, or causing
to be made, a materially false or misleading statement, or omitting to
state, or causing another person to omit to state, any material fact
necessary to make statements made not misleading in connection with
the audit of financial statements by independent accountants, the
preparation of any required reports, or any other work which involves
or relates to preparation of the Company's financial statements and
related reports.
The Company has numerous internal controls, policies and procedures
related to its accounting and financial operations. Each employee is
required to be thoroughly familiar with the controls, policies and
procedures that relate to his or her area of responsibility. If you
have any related questions, you should consult the Chief Financial
Officer or Chief Executive Officer.
The Audit Committee of the Company's Board of Directors has
established procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of any
complaints received regarding accounting, internal accounting controls
or auditing matters of the Company and the confidential, anonymous
submission by employees of concerns regarding such matters. If you
have any concerns that alarm you regarding questionable accounting,
internal accounting controls or auditing matters of the Company, you
may make anonymous submissions in writing directly to the Chair of the
Audit Committee of CREDO Petroleum Corporation at a post office box
maintained by the Company for that purpose. Any such submissions will
be handled as described in the Company's Audit Committee Charter.
In the event of a pending or anticipated subpoena, legal proceeding
or governmental investigation, you must not dispose of, alter or
conceal any records or documents that are in any way related or
relevant to that matter.
Insider Trading or Stock Tipping
Directors, officers, employees, consultants, and business
associates who are aware of material, non-public information from, or
about, the Company (an "Insider") are prohibited, directly
or through family members or other persons or entities, from (i)
buying or selling securities (or derivatives relating to such
securities) of the Company, or (ii) passing on, tipping or disclosing
material, non-public information to others outside the Company
including family and friends.
Such activities will be disciplined and may include termination of
employment, civil actions (including penalties of up to three times
the amount of profit gained or loss avoided by the insider trade or
stock tip), or criminal action (including jail time).
Any undisclosed, non-public information that could affect the
Company stock price should be considered material. Examples of
undisclosed information include, but is not limited to, those set
forth below:
- Financial results, a change in earnings or earnings
projections, or unexpected or unusual gains or losses in major
operations
- Negotiations and agreements regarding mergers, concessions,
joint ventures, acquisitions, divestitures, business
combinations or tender offers
- Stock or cash dividends
- Major regulatory changes
- Major management changes
- Information as to results of significant drilling and
exploration activity
- Information about advances in intellectual property or the use
thereof
- A substantial contract award or termination
- A major lawsuit or claim
- The gain or loss of a significant customer or supplier
- Information that is considered confidential
The same policy also applies to securities issued by another
company if you have acquired material, non-public information relating
to such company in the course of your employment or affiliation with
the Company.
When material information has been publicly disclosed, each Insider
must continue to refrain from buying or selling the securities in
question until the third business day after the information has been
publicly released to allow the markets time to absorb the information.
Officers and directors of the Company are subject to more stringent
laws and regulations and should consult the Company or its legal
counsel regarding such matters.
Prohibited Payments
Political contributions to candidates by corporations are
prohibited under United States law except for certain non-federal
elections. Therefore, no one may make or commit to any political
contributions on behalf of the Company, and political contributions
may not be made, either directly or indirectly, through the use of the
Company expense accounts, through payments to third parties or through
other such devices.
Federal and state laws, rules and regulations, including the
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, prohibit the payment of inappropriate
gratuities to federal and state or foreign government personnel or
political candidates. Company policy is not to make any payments,
gifts or gratuities to federal, state or foreign government officials.
Illegal payments to government officials, either directly or through
agents or other third parties, are strictly prohibited.
Prohibited Substances
The Company prohibits the use of alcohol, illegal drugs or other
prohibited items, including legal drugs which affect the ability to
perform one's work duties, while on Company premises. The Company also
strictly prohibits the possession or use of firearms, weapons or
explosives on its property, and also prohibits you from reporting to
work while under the influence of alcohol or illegal drugs. The
Company may perform pre-employment and random drug testing.
Reporting of Code Violations
You should be alert and sensitive to situations that could result
in actions that might violate federal, state, or local laws or the
standards of conduct set forth in this Code. If you believe
your own conduct or that of a fellow employee may have violated any
such laws or this Code, you have an obligation to report the
matter.
Generally, you should raise such matters first with an immediate
supervisor. However, if you are not comfortable bringing the matter up
with your immediate supervisor, or do not believe the supervisor has
dealt with the matter properly, then you should raise the matter with
the Chief Executive Officer or the Chairman of the Audit Committee.
Directors and officers should report any potential violations of this Code
to the Chairman of the Audit Committee. Anonymous communications
may be sent to the Audit Committee Chairman, CREDO Petroleum
Corporation, P.O. Box 6584, Kingwood, Texas 77325. Probable violations should be
reported and the Company encourages all means of reporting them.
Company policy is that there shall be no retaliation,
discrimination or intimidation in any form against any person who in
good faith and pursuant to the provisions of this Code reports
a matter which the reporting person reasonably believes constitutes a
violation of this Code or applicable laws, rules or regulations
(except that appropriate disciplinary action may be taken against the
reporting person if such person was involved in the violation).
If the Company receives information regarding a potential violation
of this Code, the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of
Directors, as appropriate, shall evaluate such information as to
applicability, materiality and credibility. If, in their sole
judgement, it is determined that the information is applicable,
material and credible, they will initiate an informal inquiry or a
formal investigation with respect thereto, prepare a report of the
results of such investigation, including recommendations as to the
disposition of such matter, including appropriate disciplinary action.
If an executive officer or Director is involved in the potential
violation or if the Chief Executive Officer determines that a
potential violation of the Code warrants, the Board shall, as
appropriate, conduct an investigation in a manner consistent with the
foregoing procedures.
All documents and reports with respect to potential violations of
this Code and the resolution and any action taken with respect
thereto shall be retained in accordance with applicable laws, rules
and regulations.
Discipline for Noncompliance with this Code
Disciplinary actions for violations of this Code can include
verbal or written reprimands, suspension or termination of employment
or a potential civil lawsuit against principal violator and any others
involved in the violation. The violation of laws, rules or
regulations, which can subject the Company to fines and other
penalties, may result in criminal prosecution.
Policies and Procedures of the Company
This Code is not intended to supersede the existing Policies
and Procedures of the Company as set forth in the Company's various
Policy and Procedure documents. Some of those Policies and Procedures
elaborate in more detail about certain concepts covered by this Code.
In addition to compliance with this Code, compliance with the
Company's various other detailed Policy and Procedures is mandatory.
You are responsible for familiarity with and compliance with any
Company Policies and Procedures that apply to areas in which you work.
In the inadvertent event of conflict between the provisions of this Code
and such other Policy and Procedure documents, the provisions of this Code
shall prevail.
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